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The predecessor of AV1 is VP9 4 developed by Google, who also contributed heavily for the development of AV1 and reference codes and some coding tools are inherited from VP9. The first video codec developed by AOM is AV1 3 (AOMedia Video 1), which was developed for more than 4 years and finalized in March, 2018. The Alliance for Open Media (AOM) was a non-profit organization created in September 2015 for developing open, royalty-free technologies. The standardization of VVC was formally launched by then and after two years, the standardization of VVC has been finalized and version 1 of VVC has been released in July 2020. After around two years, as evidenced by the substantial coding gain achieved over HEVC, a Call for Proposal (CfP) was issued by JVET for next-generation video coding and 23 responses were received worldwide in the April 2018 meeting in San Diego. New coding tools have been proposed and discussed in JVET and an exploration test model, namely Joint Exploration Model (JEM), 2 was developed and improved incrementally. To explore the next-generation video coding techniques beyond High-Efficiency Video Coding 1 (HEVC), in October 2015, a Joint Video Exploration Team was established jointly by ITU-T SG 16 Q6 (VCEG) and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11.
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In this paper, a comparative study on these new generation video coding standards are performed, including a brief comparison of coding tools and coding efficiency. In recent years, multiple milestones have been achieved for the development of latest generation of video codec in several standardization organizations, including the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard developed by Joint Video Expert Team (JVET), AV1 developed by the Codec Workgroup of Alliance for Open Media (AOM) and AVS3 developed by the Audio and Video Coding Standard (AVS) Workgroup of China.